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This course aims to develop students’ understanding of Earth and space science through learning outcomes that focus on explaining the continuous changes affecting Earth’s surface and the natural factors responsible for them. Students learn about the formation of rocks and minerals, the rock cycle, and the role of erosion, transport, and deposition in shaping Earth’s surface, as well as the study of rapid and slow natural processes. The training also enhances students’ understanding of Earth’s movement and celestial objects, and the properties of Earth that make it suitable for life, contributing to the development of scientific observation, explanation skills, and overall scientific awareness.

What will i learn?

• Students will recognize that the natural force of gravity causes changes in Earth’s surface features by pulling objects toward Earth. Students will explain how rocks are formed from combinations of different minerals and how smaller rocks result from the breakage and weathering of bedrock, while larger rocks form over time. Students will describe how the processes of erosion, transport, and deposition contribute to continuous changes on Earth’s surface. Students will identify and describe processes that cause rapid and slow changes to Earth’s surface. Students will identify and describe natural events such as tornadoes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and flooding that cause rapid changes to surface features. Students will cite examples showing how wind, water, and ice act as natural agents that produce slow changes on Earth’s surface, such as forming canyons and sand dunes. Students will observe and classify minerals based on their physical properties, including color, luster, hardness, and streak. Students will identify the components of different types of rocks and compare the physical properties of rocks with those of minerals. Students will explain the rock cycle and describe the transitions among igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks over geologic time. Students will describe the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Students will use models and evidence to explain how the Moon’s apparent shape and position change. Students will identify and compare the properties, locations, and movements of celestial objects within the solar system. Students will recognize that the Earth is spherical in shape, like other planets and stars. Students will identify the properties of Earth that make it suitable for the survival of life.